![]() No intact Clovis settlements are known yet in Arkansas, although many sites exist elsewhere. These artifacts have been found in agricultural fields, in construction sites, and on gravel bars in large river valleys. Clovis point makers are called Paleoindians. The oldest known artifacts are chipped stone Clovis dart or spear points, named for the discovery site in New Mexico, that are approximately 13,500 years old. People were in Arkansas during the Pleistocene epoch, but their arrival date and lifestyles are largely unknown. ![]() Archeologists divide this time into five periods, each having distinctive lifestyles, cultural practices, and artifacts that are found across most of eastern North America. It is possible, however, to describe the general characteristics of life in Arkansas over the last 12,000 years based on discoveries made here, similar finds made elsewhere in North America, and lifestyles of modern nonindustrial hunters who lived in remote areas of the earth in recent times. Our understanding of life in Arkansas since then will never be complete because many archaeological sites have been lost through erosion, human development, and vandalism, and most ancient fragile and perishable objects have decomposed over the centuries. ![]() The pre-European history of Arkansas begins 13,500 years ago in the Pleistocene epoch, when cold weather prevailed over most of North America. ![]()
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